Novel coating for rubber gloves

ABSTRACT

A composition for a damp hand donnable glove using a novel coating. The novel coating results in the formulation of domains of variable size and height. The coating has a polyurethane polymer, and aqueous dispersion and a surfactant.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

[0001] This invention relates to a damp hand donnable glove producedusing a novel coating formulation that yields domains variable in sizeand height on the surface of the glove.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0002] Medical, surgical and other gloves, made of a rubber latex, aretypically manufactured so that these rubber articles tightly conform tothe human hand. Because of this tight fit, such gloves are typicallylubricated on the skin-contacting inner surface in order to facilitatedonning of the articles. The standard lubricant utilized for thispurpose is dusting powder, e.g., cross-linked corn starch. However, itis also desirable to have a glove that does not rely on an internalsurface lubricant for donnability. Therefore, attempts have been made toeliminate the internal surface lubricants while at the same timeproviding an inner glove surface that will aid in the donning of theglove.

[0003] Various methods have been proposed to provide slip finishes onrubber articles of this type. For example, the surface of a rubber glovecan be halogenated with bromine or chlorine to make it slippery. Thistreatment, however, has certain disadvantages well-known in the art andtypically does not produce a glove that is easier to don that a gloveinternally coated with dusting powder. One prior art glove provides aslip finish comprising a rubber latex blended with a resin latex. Thisapproach, while lowering the coefficient of friction of the rubberglove, does not significantly improve donnability. Yet another prior artglove is made with granular material deposited on the inner,skin-contacting surface of a single-layer vinyl or silicone glove inorder to reduce the frictional contact between the glove layer and theskin of the wearer and, thus, to aid in the donning of the glove. Use ofthis glove, however, results in the granular material being abraded fromthe inner glove surface thus generating loose particulate matter. It istherefore desirable to have a glove with improved donnability that doesnot generate loose particulate matter. It is further desirable to havedamp-hand donnable glove having domain formations on the glove surfacethat are produced during the manufacturing process.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0004] In one embodiment, the present invention provides a damp-handdonnable glove produced using a novel coating formulation that yieldsdomains variable in size and height on the surface of the glove. Inanother embodiment, the present invention also provides a formulationuseful in producing gloves in a conventional dipping process where thegloves so made exhibit domain formation. In still another embodiment,the present invention further provides a process for the manufacture ofa polymeric coating useful in the generation of domain formation ongloves made using the polymeric coating.

DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0005]FIG. 1 is a scanning electron photomicrograph of a glove surfacemade according to the principles of a first embodiment of the presentinvention.

[0006]FIG. 2 is a scanning electron photomicrograph of a glove surfaceof the prior art.

[0007]FIG. 3 is a scanning electron photomicrograph of a glove surfacemade according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

[0008]FIG. 4 is a scanning electron photomicrograph of a glove surfacemade according to the second embodiment of the present invention at a 0%stretch.

[0009]FIG. 5 is a scanning electron photomicrograph of a glove surfacemade according to the second embodiment of the present invention at a500% stretch.

[0010]FIG. 6 is a scanning electron photomicrograph of a glove surfacemade according to the second embodiment of the present invention at5×700%.

[0011]FIG. 7 is a scanning electron photomicrograph of a glove surfacemade according to the second embodiment of the present invention after abreak.

[0012]FIG. 8 is a scanning electron photomicrograph of a glove surfacemade according to a third embodiment of the present invention at a 0%stretch.

[0013]FIG. 9 is a scanning electron photomicrograph of a glove surfacemade according to the third embodiment of the present invention at5×700%.

[0014]FIG. 10 is a scanning electron photomicrograph of a glove surfacemade according to the third embodiment of the present invention afterbreak.

[0015]FIG. 11 is a scanning electron photomicrograph of a glove surfacemade according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention at a 0%stretch.

[0016]FIG. 12 is a scanning electron photomicrograph of a glove surfacemade according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention at a500% stretch.

[0017]FIG. 13 is a scanning electron photomicrograph of a glove surfacemade according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention at5×700%.

[0018]FIG. 14 is a scanning electron photomicrograph of a glove surfacemade according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention afterbreak.

[0019]FIG. 15 is a scanning electron photomicrograph of a glove surfacemade according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention at a 0%stretch.

[0020]FIG. 16 is a scanning electron photomicrograph of a glove surfacemade according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention at a500% stretch.

[0021]FIG. 17 is a scanning electron photomicrograph of a glove surfacemade according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention at5×700%.

[0022]FIG. 18 is a scanning electron photomicrograph of a glove surfacemade according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention afterbreak.

[0023]FIG. 19 is a scanning electron photomicrograph of a glove surfacemade according to the sixth embodiment of the present invention at a 0%stretch.

[0024]FIG. 20 is a scanning electron photomicrograph of a glove surfacemade according to the sixth embodiment of the present invention at a500% stretch.

[0025]FIG. 21 is a scanning electron photomicrograph of a glove surfacemade according to the sixth embodiment of the present invention at5×700%.

[0026]FIG. 22 is a scanning electron photomicrograph of a glove surfacemade according to the sixth embodiment of the present invention afterbreak.

[0027]FIG. 23 is a scanning electron photomicrograph of a glove surfacemade according to the seventh embodiment of the present invention at a0% stretch.

[0028]FIG. 24 is a scanning electron photomicrograph of a glove surfacemade according to the seventh embodiment of the present invention at a500% stretch.

[0029]FIG. 25 is a scanning electron photomicrograph of a glove surfacemade according to the seventh embodiment of the present invention at5×700%.

[0030]FIG. 26 is a scanning electron photomicrograph of a glove surfacemade according to the seventh embodiment of the present invention afterbreak.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0031] There is provided according to the principles of the presentinvention, an aqueous-based polymeric coating including, in oneembodiment of the present invention, water, a polyurethane dispersion, asodium polymethacrylate solution and a polyvinyl chloride latex isprepared by first mixing the water, the polyurethane dispersion, and thepolyvinyl chloride latex, to form a first mixture. Then, the sodiumpolymethacrylate is metered into the first mixture to form the coatingof the present invention. Metered addition of the sodiumpolymethacrylate, under mixing, facilitates agglomeration of thepolyvinyl chloride. Agglomeration of the polyvinyl chloride enhances theformation of domains on a glove surface.

[0032] According to the principles of the present invention, it has beendemonstrated that the formation of domains on the interior of the glovesurface greatly enhances donnability. The domains reduce the coefficientof friction between the interior glove surface and the skin, thusenhancing wet-hand donnability.

[0033] As but one example of a coating made according to the principlesof the present invention, table 1 below presents a formulation useful ascoating for the formation of domains on a glove surface. TABLE 1 ItemIngredient % Solids (w/w) % Used 1 Water — Balance 2 Solucote 35 3.0 3VYCAR 576 58 2.5 4 GOOD-RITE K-765 30 0.5

[0034] VYCAR 576 is plasticized polyvinyl chloride latex, available fromB F Goodrich Specialty Chemicals, Cleveland, Ohio. VYCAR 576 is anemulsion including water, polyvinyl chloride solids, di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate, and an anionic synthetic emulsifier. GOOD-RITE K-765 is asodium polymethacrylate solution available from B F Goodrich SpecialtyChemicals, Cleveland, Ohio. GOOD-RITE K-765 is an aqueous solution of asodium polymethacrylate having a molecular weight, by conventional gelpermeation chromatographic methods, of about 30,000. Solucote is aconventional polyurethane dispersion available from Soluol ChemicalCompany, Warwick, R.I.

[0035] The percentages provided in table 1 are illustrative of but oneembodiment of the present invention. The solids contents of theplasticized polyvinyl chloride latex, the sodium polymethacrylatesolution, and the polyurethane dispersion may be varied over the rangesof concentrations found in commercially available products. Theconcentration of these components in the coating of the presentinvention may accordingly be varied. However, according to theprinciples of the present invention, a polyurethane dispersion at fromabout 0.1% (w/w) to about 10% (w/w), a plasticized polyvinyl chloride atfrom about 0.1% (w/w) to about 10% (w/w), and a sodium polymethacrylatesolution at from about 0.1% (w/w) to about 10% (w/w), each based on thetotal coating weight, may be used in making the coating of the presentinvention.

[0036] A process for making a glove, using a coating of the presentinvention, is described as follows. A standard latex coagulant, wellknown by those of ordinary skill in the art, is applied to a cleanceramic former and dried. A standard latex coagulant generally comprisesan aqueous solution of a divalent cationic metal salt, a surfactant orwetting agent, and a release powder. The typical divalent metal saltincludes, but is not limited to calcium nitrate and the typical class ofsurfactant or wetting agent is nonionic while the typical release powderis calcium carbonate. Of course, alcohols may be used in lieu of water,other divalent and trivalent cationic metal salts can be used, othersurfactant types may be used that are salt stable and other releasepowders include, but are not limited to starch and talc.

[0037] The former is dipped into compounded latex to form a rubber filmin the shape of a hand. The gelled latex is leached in water. Theleached film enters the coating solution of the present invention. A drytime is incorporated following the coating solution to promote domainformation. The glove is cured and then optionally silicone coated toenhance damp hand donnability.

[0038]FIG. 1 illustrates a scanning electron photomicrograph of a glovesurface made in one embodiment of the present invention. Ridges R can beclearly seen in FIG. 1. These ridges R define the domains on the glovesurface. FIG. 2, on the other hand, illustrates a scanning electronphotomicrograph of a glove surface of the prior art. A comparison ofFIGS. 1 and 2 demonstrates the lack of domain formation on the surfaceof the glove of the prior art as compared to the glove surface of thepresent invention.

[0039] In a second embodiment of the present invention, there isprovided an aqueous based polymeric coating that includes water, astyrene acrylic emulsion, a nonionic surfactant, an ionic surfactant, anaqueous wax dispersion and an amount of 10% solution of potassiumhydroxide. In this particular embodiment of the present invention, thestyrene acrylic emulsion is used as a substitute for the polyurethaneused in the first embodiment of the donning coating formulation.

[0040] The second embodiment of a donning coating made according to theprinciples of the present invention, presenting a formulation useful ascoating for the formation of domains on a glove surface is set forth inthe table below: TABLE 2 Item Ingredient % Solids (w/w) % Used 1 Water —Balance 2 Rhoplex TR-3388 44 3.0  3 Aquamat 213 30 2.0  4 Igepal CO-89770 0.05 5 Darvan WAQ 66 0.03 6 KOH (10%) 10 0.12

[0041] Rhoplex TR-3388, a polymer selected to substitute thepolyurethane latex in the donning coating, is a styrene acrylicemulsion, available from Rohm & Haas. Aquamat 213 is an aqueous waxdispersion. Igepal CO-897 is a nonionic surfactant and Darvan WAQ is ananionic surfactant used as an emulsion stabilizer.

[0042] The percentages set forth in Table 2 are merely illustrative ofbut one embodiment of the present invention. The solids content of theemulsion, the aqueous wax dispersion, both the nonionic and anionicsurfactants as well as the potassium hydroxide may be varied over theranges of concentrations found in commercially available products. Waxesmay be synthetic or natural. The natural waxes that may be generallyused include montan, carnauba, bees wax, bayberry-myrtle, candelialla,caranday, castor bean, asparto-grass, Japan, ouricury, retamo-ceri,mimbi, schlack, spermaceti, sugar-cane and wool lanolin. Synthetic waxesgenerally include polyethylene and modified polyethylenes, polypropyleneand modified polypropylenes, and hydrogen-based materials.

[0043] The concentrations of these components in the coating of thesecond embodiment of the present invention may accordingly be varied.However, according to the principles of the second embodiment of thepresent invention, an emulsion from about 0.1% (w/w) to about 10% (w/w),an aqueous wax dispersion of from about 0.1% (w/w) to about 10% (w/w), anonionic surfactant from about 0.01% (w/w) to about 0.1% (w/w), ananionic surfactant from about 0.01% to about 0.1% (w/w) and an amount ofpotassium hydroxide from about 0.01% to about 1.0% (w/w), each based onthe total coating weight, may be used in making the coating of thepresent invention.

[0044]FIG. 3 illustrates a scanning electron photomicrograph of a glovesurface made in the second embodiment of the present invention. LikeFIG. 1, ridges R can clearly be seen, the ridges R defining the domainson the glove surface. FIGS. 4-7 illustrates a scanning electronphotomicrograph of the glove surface from a 0% stretch through a seriesof stretches continuing to the breaking point as illustrated in FIG. 7.As is shown, the domains on the glove surface remain even as the gloveis stretched to the breaking point.

[0045] In a third embodiment of the present invention, there is providedan aqueous based polymeric coating that includes water, a styreneacrylic emulsion and a surfactant. In this particular embodiment of thepresent invention, the styrene acrylic emulsion, or any other emulsionknown by those skilled in the art, may be used as a substitute for thepolyurethane used in the first embodiment in the donning coatingformulation.

[0046] The third embodiment of a donning coating made according to theprinciples of the present invention, presenting a formulation useful ascoating for the formation of domains on a glove surface is set forth inthe table below: TABLE 3 Item Ingredient % Solids (w/w) % Used 1 Water —Balance 2 Rhoplex TR-3388  44 2.826 3 Triton X-114 100 0.02 

[0047] Rhoplex TR-3388, a polymer selected as a substitute for apolyurethane latex in this embodiment of the present invention of thedonning coating, is a styrene acrylic emulsion, available from Rohm &Haas. Triton X-114 is a surfactant that is added to act as a stabilizerfor the Rhoplex TR-3318. The surfactant assists in the formation ofdomains on the glove surface and in improving adhesion.

[0048] The percentages set forth in Table 3 are merely illustrative ofbut one embodiment of the present invention. The solids content of theemulsion and the surfactant may be varied over the ranges ofconcentrations found in commercially available products. Theconcentration of these components in the coating of the third embodimentof the present invention may accordingly be varied. However, accordingto the principles of the third embodiment of the present invention, anemulsion from about 0.1% (w/w) to about 10% (w/w) and a surfactant fromabout 0.01% (w/w) to about 0.1% (w/w), each based on the total coatingweight, may be used in making the coating of the present invention.

[0049]FIG. 8 illustrates a scanning electron photomicrograph of a glovesurface made according to the third embodiment of the present invention.Ridges R can be seen, the ridges R defining the domains on the glovesurface. FIGS. 8-10 illustrates scanning electron photomicrographs ofthe glove surface from a 0% stretch through a series of stretchescontinuing to the breaking point as illustrated in FIG. 10. As is shown,the domains on the glove surface remain even as the glove is stretchedto the breaking point.

[0050] Another process for making a glove, using a coating of thepresent invention is set forth below. A standard coagulant, well knownby those of ordinary skill in the art, is applied to a clean ceramicformer and dried. The former is dipped into compounded latex to form arubber film in the shape of a hand. The gelled latex is then leached inwater. The latex film is then normally primed with aluminum sulfatebefore being dipped into the donning coating. For the experiments setforth below, the latex film is not primed by the aluminum sulfate, butinstead is dipped into the donning coating without being primed. A drytime is then provided following the application of the donning coatingto promote domain formation. The glove is then cured and silicone coatedto enhance damp hand donnability.

[0051] FIGS. 11-14 illustrate the domain formations of a coating havingwater, Solucote 1088, Aquamat 213, Igepal CO-897, Darvan WAQ and anamount of potassium hydroxide on the latex film that has not been primedwith aluminum sulfate. FIGS. 11-14 also illustrate some amount ofdelamination as the film is stretched to its breaking point.

[0052] Accordingly, there is provided, in a fourth embodiment of thepresent invention, water, a polyurethane dispersion, an aqueous waxdispersion, a nonionic surfactant, an anionic surfactant and potassiumhydroxide. In this particular embodiment of the present invention, theamount of polyurethane dispersion is increased while the wax dispersionremains approximately constant.

[0053] The fourth embodiment of a donning coating made according to theprinciples of the present invention, presenting a formulation useful ascoating for the formation of domains on a glove surface is set forth inthe table below: TABLE 4 Item Ingredient % Solids (w/w) % Used 1 Water —Balance 2 Solucote 1088 35 4.0  3 Aquamat 213 30 2.0  4 Igepal CO-897 700.05 5 Darvan WAQ 66 0.03 6 KOH (10%) 10 0.12

[0054] Solucote 1088 is a conventional polyurethane dispersion availablefrom Solvol Chemical Company, Warwick, R.I. Aquamat 213 is an aqueouswax dispersion that is susceptible to suponification. Igepal CO-897 is anonionic surfactant and Darvan WAQ is an anionic surfactant used as astabilizer.

[0055] The percentages set forth in Table 4 are merely illustrative ofbut one embodiment of the present invention. The solids content of thepolyurethane dispersion, the aqueous wax dispersion and both thenonionic and anionic surfactants, and the potassium hydroxide, may bevaried over the ranges of concentrations found in commercially availableproducts. The concentrations of these components in the coating of thefourth embodiment of the present invention may be varied. However,according to the principles of the fourth embodiment of the presentinvention, a polyurethane dispersion from about 0.1% (w/w) to about 10%(w/w), an aqueous wax dispersion of from about 0.1% (w/w) to about 10%(w/w), a nonionic surfactant from about 0.01% (w/w) to about 0.1% (w/w),an anionic surfactant from about 0.01% to about 0.1% (w/w) and an amountof potassium hydroxide from about 0.01% to about 1.0% (w/w), each basedon the total coating weight, may be used in making the coating of thepresent invention. It should be evident to those of ordinary skill inthe art that while specific examples of the components of the coating ofthe present invention have been provided, equivalents of thesecomponents are within the scope of this disclosure.

[0056]FIG. 15 illustrates a scanning electron photomicrograph of a glovesurface made in the fourth embodiment of the present invention. Asillustrated previously, ridges R define the domains on the glovesurface. FIGS. 15-18 illustrate scanning electron photomicrographs of aglove surface as taken from a 0% stretch and continuously stretchedthrough to the breaking point as shown in FIG. 18. As is illustrated,the domain formations on the glove surface remain even as the glove isstretched to the breaking point.

[0057] Accordingly, there is provided, in a fifth embodiment of thepresent invention, water, a polyurethane dispersion, an aqueous waxdispersion, a nonionic surfactant, an anionic surfactant and potassiumhydroxide. In this particular embodiment of the present invention, theamount of polyurethane dispersion is relatively constant while the waxdispersion was decreased to test the effect on both domain formation andadhesion properties.

[0058] The fifth embodiment of a donning coating made according to theprinciples of the present invention, presenting a formulation useful ascoating for the formation of domains on a glove surface is set forth inthe table below: TABLE 5 Item Ingredient % Solids (w/w) % Used 1 Water —Balance 2 Solucote 1088 35 3.0  3 Aquamat 213 30 1.4  4 Igepal CO-897 700.05 5 Darvan WAQ 66 0.03 6 KOH (10%) 10 0.12

[0059] Solucote 1088 is a conventional polyurethane dispersion availablefrom Solvol Chemical Company, Warwick, R.I. Aquamat 213 is an aqueouswax dispersion that is suponified by the potassium hydroxide. IgepalCO-897 is a nonionic surfactant and Darvan WAQ is an anionic surfactantused as a stabilizer.

[0060] The results of the fifth embodiment of the present invention areillustrated in FIGS. 19-22. As illustrated, domain formation can befound at ridges, R. FIGS. 19-22 show the amount of domain formations ata 0% stretch through to the breaking point. The domains remain on theglove surface even as the glove is stretched to the breaking point.

[0061] A preferred embodiment of the present invention is illustrated bythe sixth embodiment. There is provided, in the sixth embodiment, water,a polyurethane dispersion, an aqueous wax dispersion, a nonionicsurfactant, an anionic surfactant and potassium hydroxide. In thisparticular embodiment of the present invention, the amount ofpolyurethane dispersion is increased significantly while the waxdispersion level was decreased and showed superior properties on bothdomain formation and adhesion properties.

[0062] The sixth embodiment of the donning coating made according to theprinciples of the present invention, presenting a formulation useful ascoating for the formation of domains on a glove surface is set forth inthe table below: TABLE 6 Item Ingredient % Solids (w/w) % Used 1 Water —Balance 2 Solucote 1088 35 8.5  3 Aquamat 213 30 2.0  4 Igepal CO-897 700.05 5 Darvan WAQ 66 0.03 6 KOH (10%) 10 0.12

[0063] Solucote 1088 is a conventional polyurethane dispersion availablefrom Solvol Chemical Company, Warwick, R.I. Aquamat 213 is an aqueouswax dispersion that is suponified by the potassium hydroxide. IgepalCO-897 is a nonionic surfactant and Darvan WAQ is an anionic surfactantused as a stabilizer.

[0064] The results of the sixth embodiment of the present invention areillustrated in FIGS. 23-26. As illustrated, domain formation can befound at ridges, R. FIGS. 23-26 show the amount of domain formations ata 0% stretch through to the breaking point. The domains remain on theglove surface even as the glove is stretched to the breaking point. Asis illustrated, superior domain formations and adhesion properties arefound.

[0065] It should be evident to those of ordinary skill in the art thatwhile specific examples of the components of the coating of the presentinvention have been provided, equivalents of these components are withinthe scope of this disclosure. The composition may include, for example,an acrylic polymer, a polyurethane polymer, and a polyvinyl chloridepolymer.

What is claimed is:
 1. An aqueous coating for use in making gloves, thecoating comprising: an acrylic polymer; a polyurethane latex; and anagglomerated polyvinyl chloride latex.
 2. The coating of claim 1 whereinthe acrylic polymer is in an amount from about 0.1% to about 10% basedon the total coating weight.
 3. The coating of claim 1 wherein thepolyurethane latex is an amount from about 0.1% to about 10% based onthe total coating weight.
 4. The coating of claim 1 wherein theagglomerated polyvinyl chloride latex is an amount from about 0.1% toabout 10% based on the total coating weight.
 5. An aqueous coating foruse in making gloves, the coating comprising: a styrene acrylicemulsion; an aqueous wax dispersion; a nonionic surfactant; an anionicsurfactant; and potassium hydroxide.
 6. The coating of claim 5 whereinthe aqueous wax dispersion is a polyethylene wax.
 7. The coating ofclaim 5 wherein the styrene acrylic emulsion is in an amount from about0.1% to about 10% based on the total coating weight.
 8. The coating ofclaim 5 wherein the aqueous wax dispersion is in an amount from about0.1% to about 10% based on the total coating weight.
 9. The coating ofclaim 5 wherein the nonionic surfactant is in an amount from about 0.01%to about 0.1% based on the total coating weight.
 10. The coating ofclaim 5 wherein the nonionic surfactant is in an amount from about 0.01%to about 0.1% based on the total coating weight.
 11. The coating ofclaim 5 wherein the anionic surfactant is in an amount from about 0.01%to about 0.1% based on the total coating weight.
 12. The coating ofclaim 5 wherein the potassium hydroxide is at about a 10% solution andis present in an amount from about 0.01% to about 1.0% based on thetotal coating weight.
 13. An aqueous coating for use in making gloves,the coating comprising: a polyurethane latex; an aqueous wax dispersion;a nonionic surfactant; an anionic surfactant; and potassium hydroxide.14. The coating of claim 13 wherein the aqueous wax dispersion is apolyethylene wax.
 15. The coating of claim 13 wherein the polyurethanelatex is in an amount from about 0.1% to about 10% based on the totalcoating weight.
 16. The coating of claim 13 wherein the aqueous waxdispersion is in an amount from about 0.1% to about 10% based on thetotal coating weight.
 17. The coating of claim 13 wherein the nonionicsurfactant is in an amount from about 0.01% to about 0.1% based on thetotal coating weight.
 18. The coating of claim 13 wherein the anionicsurfactant is in an amount from about 0.01% to about 0.1% based on thetotal coating weight.
 19. The coating of claim 13 wherein the potassiumhydroxide is at about a 10% solution and is present in an amount fromabout 0.01% to about 1.0% based on the total coating weight.
 20. Anaqueous coating for use in making gloves, the coating comprising: anstyrene acrylic emulsion; and a surfactant.
 21. A process for makinggloves, the process comprising the steps of: applying a standardcoagulant to a clean ceramic former; drying the standard coagulant, thusforming a coagulant coating on the former; dipping the former with thefirst coating into compounded latex to form a rubber film in the shapeof a hand; leaching the rubber film by dipping the former with therubber film in water; dipping the former with leached rubber film in anaqueous coating solution, the coating solution comprising: an styreneacrylic emulsion, an aqueous wax dispersion, a nonionic surfactant, ananionic surfactant, potassium hydroxide, thus forming a coated former;drying the coated former to promote formation of a domain in the coatingsurface.
 22. A process for making gloves, the process comprising thesteps of: applying a standard coagulant to a clean ceramic former;drying the standard coagulant, thus forming a coagulant coating on theformer; dipping the former with the first coating into compounded latexto form a rubber film in the shape of a hand; leaching the rubber filmby dipping the former with the rubber film in water; dipping the formerwith leached rubber film in an aqueous coating solution, the coatingsolution comprising: a polyurethane latex, an aqueous dispersion, anonionic surfactant, an anionic surfactant, potassium hydroxide, thusforming a coated former; drying the coated former to promote formationof a domain in the coating surface.